Google account recovery keeps asking for a password I can't remember

Did you ever save backup codes when you set up 2-step? People forget they printed them or stuck them in a notes app. One of those gets you straight in. If not and it keeps failing, wait a few days before trying again from the same device. Spamming attempts makes it more suspicious, not less. And once you're back in, add a recovery phone and email you actually have, and save a fresh set of backup codes somewhere that isn't the same Google account. Most of these lockouts are an old number nobody updated.

Have you tried clicking Try another way? Each time it asks for a password you don't know, that link moves you to the next option, a code on a phone you're already signed in on, the recovery phone or email, and so on. Most of the success comes from where you try it: a device and wifi network you've used that account on before. If it asks for an old password, give the most recent one you can remember, even if it's wrong.